Concerning the midi-specs it actually is standardized, Midi Note 69 should be an A, 440Hz: http://www.tonalsoft.com/pub/news/pitch-bend.aspx
But there are a lot of things in-between, the tuning of oscillators or samples for example. And also manufactures do not always stick to the specs. A bit of a mess really, especially if you work with gear that doesn’t allow transposition of incoming midi notes to compensate different offsets.