There is a way to do this, but you would need an external device for that.
If you send a stop message and a play message directly after the program change message, it will switch immediately.
The trick is that you don’t send them combined into the same message(they cannot be in the same usb packet), that works for usb-midi at least.
Something like “hold stop and press play to jump straigh to the beginning of a pattern” I heard somewhere not too long ago. Maybe something similar works for pattern change?
There is also a way to jump to the next pattern at the same play point, but I cannot remember how to do it and can’t find the answer anywhere… Does anybody know!!!
I think only the elektron devices with song mode let you jump patterns like that… you can kind of work around it by having some short patterns or patterns that are the same but have notes start at a different point in the progression but yeah I think that’s really your only current option on the digitakt/digitone at the moment.